[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.marimar.cz\/jak-se-vyvinuli-ptaci\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.marimar.cz\/jak-se-vyvinuli-ptaci\/","headline":"Jak se vyvinuli pt\u00e1ci","name":"Jak se vyvinuli pt\u00e1ci","description":"Ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b v\u00ed, co je to pt\u00e1k. Valn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich tak\u00e9 pozn\u00e1 ty nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u n\u00e1s, nap\u0159\u00edklad kosa, kachnu, \u010di labu\u0165, z\u00a0domestikovan\u00fdch pak slepici, husu nebo krocana. Na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b jich v\u0161ak existuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, od nen\u00e1padn\u00fdch vrabc\u016f po pestrobarevn\u00e9 papou\u0161ky. Je tedy zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 pod\u00edvat se, odkud se tady vlastn\u011b vzali. Cesta, kter\u00e1 vedla k\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm…","datePublished":"2023-10-06","dateModified":"2023-12-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.marimar.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.marimar.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8eaf08ef5a7e54fc91db02b2058b03bc913caaaa39c046819bbf43d06bd23c2b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8eaf08ef5a7e54fc91db02b2058b03bc913caaaa39c046819bbf43d06bd23c2b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"marimar.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.marimar.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/art475132_1x1_20261010_050940_JPEOsf.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.marimar.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/art475132_1x1_20261010_050940_JPEOsf.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.marimar.cz\/jak-se-vyvinuli-ptaci\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":420,"articleBody":"\t\tKa\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b v\u00ed, co je to pt\u00e1k. Valn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00a0nich tak\u00e9 pozn\u00e1 ty nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed u n\u00e1s, nap\u0159\u00edklad kosa, kachnu, \u010di labu\u0165, z\u00a0domestikovan\u00fdch pak slepici, husu nebo krocana. Na na\u0161\u00ed planet\u011b jich v\u0161ak existuje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed, od nen\u00e1padn\u00fdch vrabc\u016f po pestrobarevn\u00e9 papou\u0161ky. Je tedy zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 pod\u00edvat se, odkud se tady vlastn\u011b vzali.\tCesta, kter\u00e1 vedla k\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edm pt\u00e1k\u016fm, byla velmi dlouh\u00e1. Od ostatn\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f se odd\u011blili ji\u017e v\u00a0druhohor\u00e1ch, kdy se objevily prvn\u00ed typy teplokrevn\u00fdch tvor\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed byli pokryti jak\u00fdmsi proto-pe\u0159\u00edm. To m\u011blo je\u0161t\u011b do toho dne\u0161n\u00edho pom\u011brn\u011b daleko, av\u0161ak i ono ji\u017e poskytovalo ur\u010ditou tepelnou ochranu, a nav\u00edc pom\u00e1halo i p\u0159i pohybu.\tMezi zdaleka nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavitele t\u011bchto \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed bezesporu nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rapto\u0159i, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak velociraptor, d\u00edky filmu Jursk\u00fd park, p\u0159esto\u017ee tyto je nezobrazuj\u00ed tak, jak ji\u017e dnes v\u00edme, \u017ee vypadali.\tL\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je jejich typick\u00fdm znakem, se vyv\u00edjelo pon\u011bkud d\u00e9le. Za\u010dalo t\u00edm, \u017ee rapto\u0159i za\u010dali pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159edn\u00ed ruce, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pak pera na nich, ke \u201ekormidlov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c p\u0159i b\u011bhu, podobn\u011b jako t\u0159eba gepard pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u016fj ocas. Tato taktika se jim vyplatila, co\u017e znamenalo, \u017ee se pera na p\u0159edn\u00edch kon\u010detin\u00e1ch st\u00e1vala st\u00e1le del\u0161\u00edmi.\tPak p\u0159i\u0161lo placht\u011bn\u00ed, kdy vy\u0161plhali na strom a plachtili dol\u016f, bu\u010f na ko\u0159ist, nebo na jin\u00fd strom. To op\u011bt vedlo k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu v\u00fdvoji jak p\u0159edn\u00edch kon\u010detin, tak i pe\u0159\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho. Tento v\u00fdvoj byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b je\u0161t\u011b urychlen dopadem meteoritu, kter\u00fd mnoho druh\u016f dinosaur\u016f vyhubil.\tTi, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eili, se museli adaptovat a tak\u00e9 soupe\u0159it s\u00a0rychle se rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edmi savci. A jeliko\u017e ji\u017e m\u011bli z\u00e1klad l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnut\u00fd, netrvalo dlouho, ne\u017e byli schopni pln\u011b l\u00e9tat. Pak u\u017e bylo jen ot\u00e1zkou \u010dasu, kdy si podmanili oblohu a vyvinuli se do mnoha druh\u016f, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me dnes.\tJe v\u0161ak pot\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv je zde tento proces pops\u00e1n ve zkratce, ve skute\u010dnosti trval stovky milion\u016f let. A to je velmi dlouh\u00e1 doba, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e si dok\u00e1\u017eeme p\u0159edstavit.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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